In western countries there has been an increase of children with an ethnic minority background in foster care. Because foster parents often have a (family) ethnic majority background, transethnic placements have become more common. There is reason to assume that foster children with an ethnic minority background struggle with their ethnic identities, which is evident in literature on transracially adopted children. There are many societal discussions considering consequences for the ethnic identity of these foster children, but literature seemed scarce on this topic. In order to investigate what is already known, we conducted a systematic literature review.